![Simple SNMP Network]()
A simple SNMP network contains three basic components:
- The Network Management System (NMS) with the network management software. In this example, the NMS is running Unified Infrastructure Management (UIM) with the snmpcollector probe.
- The managed device.
- The SNMP agent software that runs on the managed device.
Uses for SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) provides management of network devices from a host system to network devices running SNMP agents. Some examples of the types of network devices you can monitor are servers, routers, switches, firewalls, load balancers, printers, and IP phones. The host system that you use to manage these devices is the NMS.
Network administrators can use SNMP to manage various types of devices, and the scope of the management activities can vary. Some examples of the types of monitoring activities that can occur are, network performance monitoring, network fault detection, security issue detection, and remote device configuration.
Protocol Standards
SNMP is an internet standard protocol that you use for network monitoring. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has defined three Request for Comments (RFC) documents that describe the basic SNMP protocol. The following documents are the set of RFCs that provide a basic definition of the standard:
RFC 1157 - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) that defines the application layer protocol. This protocol controls how communications happen between devices that support SNMP and the types and formats of SNMP messages.
RFC 1213 - Management Information Base II (MIB2) that defines a set of data objects that provide information about various components such as systems, interfaces, and networks.
RFC 1902 - Structure for Management Information (SMI) that defines the database schema including the object syntax for referencing and storing MIB data.
Versions of the SNMP Protocol
Three versions of the SNMP protocol exist.
SNMPv1 - This revision is the initial implementation of the protocol.
SNMPv2c - This revision of the protocol contains new features which include the getbulk requests and provided informs, and new message formats.
SNMPv3 - This revision of the protocol contains additional security features which include authentication and encryption capabilities.
NMS Function
One NMS can manage many managed devices. The NMS provides the platform for the applications that can monitor and control the managed devices. The NMS typically performs the following functions.
- Poll managed devices for management data with get, getnext, and getbulk operations.
- Receive unsolicited alerts such as traps and informs from managed devices.
- Configure the managed devices with set operations in some cases.
Managed Device Function
The managed device is a network device that contains an SNMP interface. This interface provides read-only or read/write access to device-specific management data.
SNMP Agent Function
The SNMP agent is a software module that is located on a managed device. The SNMP agent provides access to local device data for the NMS. The agent generally listens on UDP port 161 or port 10161 for secure communications, but many agents allow you to configure alternate ports. The SNMP agent can also send unsolicited alerts or traps. These traps usually have destination UDP ports 162 or 10162.
The SNMP agent contains the Management Information Base (MIB). The MIB describes the structure of the data in a hierarchical namespace that contains MIB Object Identifiers (OIDS). The OIDs identify variables. Each variable contains values that the NMS can read or set with the SNMP operations such as get, set, getnext, or getbulk. SNMP has an extensible design that allows the MIB to be enhanced.